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News/Information/Articles |
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Overdose
Facts |
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| Overdose deaths can be intentional or unintentional, and they can result from both licit and illicit drug abuse. Drugs commonly implicated in overdose deaths are alcohol, psychoactive medications, analgesics, illicit drugs such as cocaine and heroin, and multiple drugs taken concomitantly.
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| Drug overdose deaths are medico-legal cases investigated by medical examiners or coroners. Although medical examiner charts are recognized as a key source of information for monitoring such deaths, the accuracy of official statistics on drug mortality remains uncertain.
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| In 1992 there were 131 deaths attributed directly to methadone overdose.
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| Although national rates for hospital emergency department (ED) mentions of club drugs were low in 2002 (with none exceeding 2 mentions per 100,000 population) and no increases were measured from 2001 to 2002, significant increases in certain club drug mentions were apparent from 1995 to 2002. MDMA ED mentions, for example, increased from 421 in 1995 to 4,026 in 2002; and GHB ED mentions increased from 145 in 1995 to 3,330 in 2002.
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Morphine Overdose

Morphine is the principal constituent of opium and can range in concentration
from 4 to 21 percent. Commercial opium is standardized to contain 10-percent
morphine. In the United States, a small percentage of the morphine obtained
from opium is used directly (about 15 tons): the remaining is converted to
codeine and other derivatives (about 120 tons). Morphine is one of the most
effective drugs known for the relief of severe pain and remains the standard
against which new analgesics are measured. Morphine is marketed under generic
and brand name products including "MS-Contin®," Oramorph SR®,"
MSIR®," Roxanol®," Kadian®," and RMS®."
Morphine is marketed in a variety of forms, including oral solutions, immediate
and sustained-release tablets and capsules, suppositories, and injectable
preparations.
Morphine is highly addictive. Tolerance (the need for higher and higher doses
to maintain the same effect) and physical and psychological dependence develop
quickly. Morphine activates the brains reward systems. The promise of
reward is very intense, causing the individual to crave the drug and to focus
his or her activities around taking it. The ability of morphine to strongly
activate brain reward mechanisms and its ability to chemically alter the normal
functioning of these systems can produce an addiction.
A Morphine overdose happens when you consume more Morphine than your body
can safely handle. Morphine users are constantly flirting with Morphine overdose,
and the difference between the high they're seeking and serious injury or
death is often quite small.
Symptoms of a Morphine overdose include:
- cold clammy skin
- flaccid muscles
- fluid in the lungs
- lowered blood pressure
- "pinpoint" or dilated pupils
- sleepiness
- stupor
- coma
- slowed breathing
- difficulty breathing
- slow pulse rate
- bluish colored fingernails and lips
- spasms of the stomach and/or intestinal tract
- nausea
- vomiting
- constipation
- palpitations
- drowsiness
- coma
- death
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